Disclaimer: As with all our resources and especially Podcasts, inclusion does not necessarily mean endorsement of the views presented. Our aim was to include important presentations from multiple points of view so the researcher can form her own opinions—informed by a Christian world-view.
Part 1: The Deductive Argument
The Problem:
- "The Problem of Evil” in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- "Logical Problem of Evil" in Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Free-Will Defense
Vatican Museums
Photo Credit: JAC
- Does Evil Disprove God? (Alvin Plantinga video)
- "Plantinga’s Free Will Defense" by Steven Dunn in Christian Apologetics Alliance
- "Alvin Plantinga’s Free Will Defense" in Wikipedia
- "Transworld Sanctity and Plantinga’s Free Will Defense,” by Daniel Howard-Snyder & John O’Leary-Hawthorne, in International Journal For Philosophy of Religion, 44: 1-21, 1998.
- “Modality, Probability, and Rationality: A Critical Examination fo Alvin Plantinga’s Philosophy” by James Sennett in Digital Commons @ University of Nebraska
Contra
- “The Free Will Defense Refuted & God’s Existence Disproved" by R. Bradley in The Secular Web
- “Does the Free-Will Defense Constitute a Sound Theodicy?" by Nclas Berggren, in The Secular Web
- “Plantinga on the Free Will Defense,” by Hugh Lafollette (PDF)
- “The Problem of Evil and the Free Will Defense,” Michael Lacewing in Routledge Taylor & Francis Group
- “The Free Will Defense” in Philosophy of Religion
- “Problems with Plantinga’s Free Will Defense: The Way Detailed Version,” by Chris Hallquist in Patheos
Transworld Depravity
- “Transworld Depravity, Transworld Sanctity, & Uncooperative Essences" by Alvin Plantinga, in Philosophy and Phenomenlogical Research
- “Might-Counterfactuals, Transworld Untrustworthiness and Plantinga’s Free Will Defense” by Michael Bergmann (PDF)
- “Transworld Depravity and Unobtainable Worlds,” by Richard Otte (PDF)
- “Plantinga’s Transworld Depravity: It’s Got Possibilities,” by Barry L. Gan in Philosophy of Religion, Volume 13, No. 4 (1982), pp. 169-77.
- “On Transworld Depravity and the Heart of the Free Will Defense” by R. Manis, in International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, June 2006, Vol. 59, Issue 4, p. 153.
Contra
- “Depravity, Divine Responsibility and Moral Evil: A Critique of a New Free Will Defense" by Andrea Weisberger in The Secular Web, (1995).
- “Plantinga and the Problem of Evil,” Heimir Geirsson and Michael Losonsky. (PDF)
- “Transworld Depravity” in The Rational Response Squad.
- “An Argument Against the Possiblity of Transworld Depravity," by Alexander Pruss, in The Prosblogion, 5/10/2010.
- “The Possiblity of Transworld Depravity” by Kevin Time in The Prosblogion, 5/23/2006.
Other Resources For the Deductive Argument
Plantinga, Alvin. God Freedom and Evil. Eerdmans, 1974
________. The Nature of Necessity. Clarendon Press, 1978
________ & Michael Tooley. Knowledge of God. John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
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Part 2: The Inductive Argument
Michael Tooley’s Treatment
Michael Tooley’s evidential argument against theism in written form can be found in the book, God and Knowledge by he and Alvin Plantinga pages 97-150. An on-line summary of the key issues can be found on this blog (first entry) by Tom Poston.
“On Tooley On Inductive Logic and the Evidential Argument from Evil” by Ted Poston in The Prosblogion, 5/24/2010.
See also this debate entitled “Is God Dead?”, where Tooley makes his inductive case in the first part of the debate:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYGap7J7yvM
Contra Tooley
- "Tooley, Plantinga and the Deontologial Argument from Evil, Part 1” by Matt in M and M (Matt and Madeleine Flannagan), 5/13/2009.
- "Tooley, Plantinga and the Deontological Argument from Evil, Part 2,” by Matt in M and M (Matt and Madeleine Flannagan), 5/27/2017.
- “Tooley, Plantinga and the Deontological Argument from Evil,” by Matthew Flannagan, in Academe.
- “Tooley, Plantinga, and the Deontologial Argument from Evil Part 1,” by Matthew Flannagan in With All I Am, 8/2/2010
- “Tooley, Plantinga, and the Deontological Argument from Evil Part 2," by Matthew Flannagan in With All I Am, 8/2/2010
On-Line Reviews of God and Knowledge
- William Rowe (Purdue Uinversity)
- Timothy Perrine (Calvin College)
- One Liners (Various)
- Scott A. Davison (Moorhead State)
- Illars Plume (Latvian pastor)
- J. Bishop in Mind. (you will need a subscription for this service)
- T.J. Mawson in Analysis. (you will need a subscription for this service)
Journal Reviews of God and Knowledge:
Scott A. Davison. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. Volume 66, Number 2, p. 105-107, DOI: 10.1007/s11153-009-9210-4
Steve Schheley. Philosophia Christi. Volume 12, Number 1, p. 233-227, 2010.
Other On-Line Resources for the Inductive (Evidential) Argument From Evil
- "Evidential Arguments from Evil," by Keith Augustine, in The Secular Web.
- “The Inductive Argument From Evil and the Human Cognitive Condition,” by William Alston, in The Secular Web.
- Book Review of Knowledge of God, by John Bishop, in Mind.
Other Resources for the Inductive Argument
Alston, William P. “The Inductive Argument from Evil and the Human Cognitive Condition” in Philosophical Perspectives 5:29-67.
Howard-Snyder (ed.). The Inductive Argument from Evil. Indiana University Press. 1996.
Otte, Richard. “A Carnapian Argument from Evil (Welcome Back, Skeptical Theism)” in McBrayer & Daniel Howard-Snyder (eds.). The Blackwell Companion to The Problem of Evil. John Wiley and Sons, 2013, pages 83-97.
Plantinga, Alvin & Michael Tooley. Knowledge of God. John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
Reichenbach, Bruce. Evil and a Good God. Fordham University Press, 1982.